Essay on global warming wikipedia

Essay on global warming wikipedia

Global Warming,What is Global Warming?

WebOnly 5% believe that human activity does not contribute to greenhouse warming; 41% say they thought the effects of global warming would be near catastrophic over the next WebIn common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change WebWhile the effects of climate change are highly region-specific, it can be said with a high degree of confidence that mean surface temperatures are rising and extreme weather ... read more

As the human population has increased, so has the volume of fossil fuels burned. Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere. These greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide , chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor , methane , and nitrous oxide. The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise overtime, otherwise known as global warming. Global warming has presented another issue called climate change. Sometimes these phrases are used interchangeably, however, they are different. Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world. It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and melting ice sheets and glaciers. Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on Earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather.

Scientists continue to study global warming and its impact on Earth. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection natgeo. February Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center.

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There are also some detection—attribution studies using global climate models that suggest there was a detectable influence of solar variability in the first half of the twentieth century and that the solar radiative forcing variations were amplified by some mechanism that is, as yet, unknown. However, these findings are not relevant to any debates about modern climate change. Our results show that the observed rapid rise in global mean temperatures seen after cannot be ascribed to solar variability, whichever of the mechanisms is invoked and no matter how much the solar variation is amplified. Detection of Climate Change and Attribution of Causes". Bibcode : JCli Geophysical Research Letters.

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Energy Citizens. Mother Jones article about astroturfing by petroleum industry trade group American Petroleum Institute Skeptical Science: Examining Global Warming Skepticism Climate Change Deniers vs The Consensus It's Global Warming, Stupid Bloomberg BusinessWeek, 2 November Climate change. Attribution of recent climate change Climate system Effects of climate change Climate change mitigation Climate change adaptation By country and region. Attribution of recent climate change Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere Extreme event attribution Greenhouse effect Scientific consensus on climate change. Greenhouse gases Carbon accounting Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture from wetlands Fossil fuel Deforestation and climate change Land use, land-use change, and forestry Representative Concentration Pathway Shared Socioeconomic Pathways World energy supply and consumption.

History of climate change science History of climate change policy and politics Svante Arrhenius James Hansen Charles David Keeling United Nations conferences Years in climate change Effects and issues. Abrupt climate change Anoxic event Arctic methane emissions Arctic sea ice decline Atlantic meridional overturning circulation Drought Extreme weather Flood Coastal flooding Glacier retreat Heat wave Urban heat island Marine Oceans acidification deoxygenation heat content sea surface temperature stratification temperature Ozone depletion Permafrost thaw Tipping points in the climate system Sea level rise Season creep Tropical cyclones Water cycle Wildfires. Ecosystems Mass mortality event Invasive species Plant biodiversity Marine life Terrestrial animals Birds Extinction risk from climate change Forest dieback.

Agriculture Cities Children Disability Economic impacts Fisheries Gender Health Human rights Indigenous peoples Infectious diseases Island nations Mental health Migration Poverty Security and conflict Urban flooding Water scarcity Water security. Africa Americas Antarctica Arctic Australia Caribbean Europe Middle East and North Africa Small island countries South Asia by individual country. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title.

Go to top. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. More Read Edit View history. Emissions, impacts and responses of Pakistan related to climate change. Past Köppen—Geiger climate classification map for Pakistan Future Köppen—Geiger climate classification map for Pakistan Further information: List of extreme weather records in Pakistan. Further information: Demographics of Pakistan. This section is an excerpt from Ministry of Climate Change Pakistan. The Ministry of Climate Change Urdu : وزارتِ موسمیاتی تبدیلی , wazarat-e- mosmyati tabdeeli abbreviated as MoCC , is a Cabinet-level ministry of the Government of Pakistan concerned with climate change in Pakistan.

Senator Sherry Rehman is in charge of the ministry with the status of a Federal Minister. Main article: Deforestation in Pakistan. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Climate change in Pakistan. Our World in Data. Retrieved 1 September Oxfam International. National communication NC. NC 2". Archived from the original on 14 November Retrieved 4 March The Third Pole. Retrieved 23 November Daily Times. Wuebbles, D. Chen, M. Facchini, D. Frame, N. Mahowald, and J. In: Climate Change The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change PDF [Stocker, T.

Qin, G. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P. Midgley eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Retrieved 20 May Climate Change Profile of Pakistan. Asian Development Bank. doi : ISBN Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3. Retrieved 25 November Archived from the original on 5 March Retrieved 10 May Retrieved 29 April Retrieved 11 September BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 August Retrieved 29 August Rabbani et al. Rintoul, S. Aoki, E. Campos, D. Chambers, R. Feely, S. Gulev, G. Johnson, S.

The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action can or should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature , there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. As of [update] the U. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration says the global yearly average temperature has been warming at rate of 0. The controversy is, by now, political rather than scientific: there is a scientific consensus that global warming is happening and is caused by human activity.

Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of global warming includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record , whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have answered these questions decisively in favor of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the cause, and that it is without precedent in at least years. Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science opposing mainstream scientific positions have been questioned. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science , their cost-effectiveness and their urgency.

Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported government and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby has been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming. The theory that increases in greenhouse gases would lead to an increase in temperature was first proposed by the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius in , but climate change did not arise as a political issue until the s.

It took many years for this particular issue to attract any type of popular attention. In the United States , the mass media devoted little coverage to global warming until the drought of , and James E. Hansen 's testimony to the Senate , which explicitly attributed "the abnormally hot weather plaguing our nation" to global warming. Global warming in the U. gained more attention after the release of the documentary An Inconvenient Truth , featuring Al Gore. The British press also changed its coverage at the end of , following a speech by Margaret Thatcher to the Royal Society advocating action against human-induced climate change. At the same time environmental organizations and the political opposition were demanding "solutions that contrasted with the government's". If a doctor sees a child with a fever, he can't wait for [endless] tests.

He has to act on what is there. Many European countries took action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions before West Germany started to take action after the Green Party took seats in Parliament in the s. All countries of the European Union ratified the Kyoto Protocol. Substantial activity by NGOs took place as well. In Europe, the notion of human influence on climate gained wide acceptance more rapidly than in the United States and other countries. In , the BBC announced the cancellation of a planned television special Planet Relief , which would have highlighted the global warming issue and included a mass electrical switch-off. I think there are a lot of people who think that, but it must be stopped. The authors of the book Merchants of Doubt , provide documentation for the assertion that professional deniers have tried to sow seeds of doubt in public opinion in order to halt any meaningful social or political progress to reduce the impact of human carbon emissions.

The fact that only half of the American population believes global warming is caused by human activity could be seen as a victory for these deniers. A compendium of poll results on public perceptions about global warming is below. In , a report on public perceptions in the United Kingdom by Ipsos MORI [46] reported that. The Canadian science broadcaster and environmental activist David Suzuki reports that focus groups organized by the David Suzuki Foundation in showed that the public has a poor understanding of the science behind global warming. An example of the poor understanding is public confusion between global warming and ozone depletion or other environmental problems.

But there is no evidence of alarm over global warming in either the United States or China —the two largest producers of greenhouse gases. A nation poll by Pew Global Attitudes conducted in , found, "Substantial majorities 25 of 37 countries say global warming is a 'very serious' problem. There are differences between the opinion of scientists and that of the general public. Many of the critics of the consensus view on global warming have disagreed, in whole or part, with the scientific consensus regarding other issues, particularly those relating to environmental risks, such as ozone depletion , DDT , and passive smoking. Mooney says that the promotion of doubt regarding issues that are politically, but not scientifically, controversial became increasingly prevalent under the George W.

This is also the subject of a book by environmental lawyer Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. titled Crimes Against Nature: How George W. Bush and Corporate Pals are Plundering the Country and Hijacking Our Democracy ISBN Another book on this topic is The Assault on Reason by former Vice President of the United States Al Gore. The Heat Is On by Ross Gelbspan chronicles how Congress tied climate change denial to attacks on the scientific bases for ozone depletion and asbestos removal, among other topics. Some critics of the scientific consensus on global warming have argued that these issues should not be linked and that reference to them constitutes an unjustified ad hominem attack.

In , according to The New York Times and others, oil companies knew that burning oil and gas could cause global warming since the s but, nonetheless, funded deniers for years. The findings that the climate has warmed in recent decades and that human activities are producing global climate change have been endorsed by every national science academy that has issued a statement on climate change, including the science academies of all of the major industrialized countries. Attribution of recent climate change discusses how global warming is attributed to anthropogenic greenhouse gases GHGs.

Scientific consensus is normally achieved through communication at conferences, publication in the scientific literature , replication reproducible results by others , and peer review. In the case of global warming, many governmental reports, the media in many countries, and environmental groups , have stated that there is virtually unanimous scientific agreement that human-caused global warming is real and poses a serious concern. While much remains to be learned, the core phenomenon, scientific questions, and hypotheses have been examined thoroughly and have stood firm in the face of serious scientific debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations.

Such conclusions and theories are then regarded as settled facts. This is the case for the conclusions that the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities. Among opponents of the mainstream scientific assessment, some say that while there is agreement that humans do have an effect on climate, there is no universal agreement about the quantitative magnitude of anthropogenic global warming AGW relative to natural forcings and its harm-to-benefit ratio. Dennis T. Avery , a food policy analyst at the Hudson Institute , wrote an article titled " Scientists Whose Research Contradicts Man-Made Global Warming Scares" [78] published in , by the Heartland Institute.

The list was immediately called into question for misunderstanding and distorting the conclusions of many of the named studies and citing outdated, flawed studies that had long been abandoned. Many of the scientists included in the list demanded their names be removed. Those who don't agree, are, unfortunately—and this is hard to say without sounding elitist—mostly either not actually climate researchers or not very productive researchers. A study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Research Letters analyzed 11, abstracts from papers published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature between and , identified by searching the ISI Web of Science citation index engine for the text strings "global climate change" or "global warming".

The authors found that of the 11, abstracts, endorsed that consensus, took no position on it, 78 rejected the consensus, and 40 expressed uncertainty about it. In , a letter from 52 leading skeptics was published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry supporting the scientific consensus and asking the media to stop referring to deniers as "skeptics". The letter clarified the skeptical opinion on climate and denial: "As scientific skeptics, we are well aware of political efforts to undermine climate science by those who deny reality but do not engage in scientific research or consider evidence that their deeply held opinions are wrong. The most appropriate word to describe the behavior of those individuals is 'denial'. Not all individuals who call themselves climate change skeptics are deniers.

But virtually all deniers have falsely branded themselves as skeptics. By perpetrating this misnomer, journalists have granted undeserved credibility to those who reject science and scientific inquiry. The "standard" view of climate change has come to be defined by the reports of the IPCC, which is supported by many other science academies and scientific organizations. In , sixteen of the world's national science academies made a joint statement on climate change, and gave their support for the IPCC. Opponents have generally attacked either the IPCC's processes, people [87] or the Synthesis and Executive summaries; the full reports attract less attention.

Some of the controversy and criticism has originated from experts invited by the IPCC to submit reports or serve on its panels. Christopher Landsea , a hurricane researcher, said of "the part of the IPCC to which my expertise is relevant" that "I personally cannot in good faith continue to contribute to a process that I view as both being motivated by pre-conceived agendas and being scientifically unsound," [88] because of comments made at a press conference by Kevin Trenberth of which Landsea disapproved. Trenberth said "Landsea's comments were not correct"; [89] the IPCC replied "individual scientists can do what they wish in their own rights, as long as they are not saying anything on behalf of the IPCC" and offered to include Landsea in the review phase of the AR4.

commented "Both Landsea and Trenberth can and should feel vindicated the IPCC accurately reported the state of scientific understandings of tropical cyclones and climate change in its recent summary for policy makers. In , the House of Lords Economics Committee wrote, "We have some concerns about the objectivity of the IPCC process, with some of its emissions scenarios and summary documentation apparently influenced by political considerations. Speaking to the difficulty of establishing scientific consensus on the precise extent of human action on climate change, John Christy , a contributing author, wrote:. Contributing authors essentially are asked to contribute a little text at the beginning and to review the first two drafts. We have no control over editing decisions.

Even less influence is granted the 2, or so reviewers. Thus, to say that contributing authors or 2, reviewers reached consensus on anything describes a situation that is not reality. On 10 December , a report was released by the U. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Minority members, under the leadership of the Senate's most vocal global warming denier Jim Inhofe. The timing of the report coincided with the UN global warming conference in Poznań, Poland. It says it summarizes scientific dissent from the IPCC. While some critics have argued that the IPCC overstates likely global warming, others have made the opposite criticism. David Biello, writing in the Scientific American , argues that, because of the need to secure consensus among governmental representatives, the IPCC reports give conservative estimates of the likely extent and effects of global warming.

Hansen argues that the IPCC's conservativeness seriously underestimates the risk of sea-level rise on the order of meters—enough to inundate many low-lying areas, such as the southern third of Florida. Pielke Sr. has also stated "Humans are significantly altering the global climate, but in a variety of diverse ways beyond the radiative effect of carbon dioxide. The IPCC assessments have been too conservative in recognizing the importance of these human climate forcings as they alter regional and global climate. Henderson-Sellers has collected comments from IPCC authors in a workshop revealing a number of concerns.

She concluded, "Climate change research entered a new and different regime with the publication of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. There is no longer any question about 'whether' human activities are changing the climate; instead research must tackle the urgent questions of: 'how fast? Attribution of recent climate change discusses the evidence for recent global warming. Nonetheless, one argument against global warming says that rising levels of carbon dioxide CO 2 and other greenhouse gases GHGs do not correlate with global warming.

Global Warming 101,Demand Climate Action

WebWhile the effects of climate change are highly region-specific, it can be said with a high degree of confidence that mean surface temperatures are rising and extreme weather WebOnly 5% believe that human activity does not contribute to greenhouse warming; 41% say they thought the effects of global warming would be near catastrophic over the next WebIn common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change ... read more

Nature Climate Change. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Journal of the Forum for Environmental Law, Science, Engineering, and Finance 8— July Main article: Climate change adaptation.

Ruseva, Tatyana; Hedrick, Jamie; Marland, Gregg; Tovar, essay on global warming wikipedia, Henning; et al. This section is an excerpt from Effects of climate change § Displacement and migration. Reducing energy demand is another major aspect of reducing emissions. Cattaneo, Cristina; Beine, Michel; Fröhlich, Christiane J. CBC and Associated Press. Trenberth said "Landsea's comments were not correct"; [89] the IPCC replied "individual scientists can do what they wish in their own rights, as long as they are essay on global warming wikipedia saying anything on behalf of the IPCC" and offered to include Landsea in the review phase of the AR4. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media.